Specialized dictionary

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A specialized dictionary is a dictionary that covers a relatively restricted set of phenomena. The definitive book on the subject (Cowie 2009) includes chapters on (among others) dictionaries of:
* synonyms
*pronunciations
*names (place names and personal names)
*phrases and idioms
*dialect terms
*slang
*quotations
* etymologies

Dictionaries of idioms and slang are common in most cultures. Examples include (for French) the Dictionnaire des expressions et locutions, edited by Alain Rey (Paris: Le Robert 2006), and (for English) Eric Partridge's Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (8th edition, London: Routledge 2002) [1]. In the area of language learning, there are specialized dictionaries for aspects of language which tend to be unproblematic for mother-tongue speakers but may cause difficulty for learners. These include dictionaries of phrasal verbs, such as the Oxford Phrasal Verbs Dictionary (2nd edition, Oxford University Press: 2006), and dictionaries of collocation, such as Macmillan Collocations Dictionary (Oxford: Macmillan 2010).

One of the most common types of specialized dictionary is what is often referred to in English as a technical dictionary and in German as a Fachwörterbuch. These dictionaries cover the terminology of a particular subject field or discipline. As described in Nielsen (1994), dictionaries of this type can be classified in various ways. A dictionary that covers more than one subject field is called a multi-field dictionary; one that covers one subject field is called a single-field dictionary; and one that covers a limited part of a subject field is called a sub-field dictionary. A technical dictionary that attempts to cover as much of the relevant terminology as possible is called a maximizing dictionary, whereas one that attempts to cover only a limited part of the relevant terminology is called a minimizing dictionary.

Specialized dictionaries can have various functions, i.e. they can help users in different types of situation. Monolingual dictionaries can help users understand and produce texts, whereas bilingual dictionaries can help users understand texts, translate texts and produce texts, as described in e.g. Nielsen (1994) and Nielsen (2010).

wikipedia link: Specialized dictionary

Specialization

(Redirected from "Specialized")

Specialization or Specialized may refer to:

; Logic:
* Specialization (logic), method of generating propositional knowledge, by applying general knowledge

; Academia:
* Academic specialization, may be a course of study or major at an academic institution or may refer to the field that a specialist practices in

; Biology:
* Cellular differentiation, the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type
* Specialization (functional), the separation of tasks within a system
* Specialization of organs
* Specialization of the sexes
* Specialty (medicine), in medicine is a branch of medical science
* Specialisation (biology)
* Multicellular Specialization

; Computer science:
* Sub-typing, a way to compartmentalize and reuse code by creating collections of attributes and behaviors called objects which can be based on previously created objects
* Partial template specialization, a particular form of class template specialization
* Template specialization, a style of computer programming in which algorithms are written in terms of to-be-specified-later types that are then instantiated when needed for specific types provided as parameters

; Industry:
* Departmentalization, refers to the process of grouping activities into departments
* Division of labour, the specialization of cooperative labour in specific, circumscribed tasks and roles
* Flexible Specialization, the name given to the dominant system of economic production, consumption and associated socio-economic phenomena, in most industrialized countries since the late 20th century
* Specialization (functional), the separation of tasks within a system

; Linguistics:
* Specialization (linguistics)
* Specialized English, a controlled version of the English language used for radio broadcasting, easier for non-native speakers of English. It is derived from Voice of America (VoA) Special English
* Specialization of meaning, a type of semantic change

; Mathematics:
* Specialization (pre)order, a natural preorder on the set of the points of a topological space

; Organizations:
* Specialised Technical Committees of the African Union
* Specialized Bicycle Components, Bicycle manufacturer
* Specialized Technology Resources, an American corporation headquartered in Enfield, Connecticut.
* Specialised Container Transport, transport company in Australia
* Specialized Systems Consultants, a private media company that publishes magazines and reference manuals.

; Psychology:
* Cognitive specialization, refers to the theory that learning certain skills inhibits the ability to learn related but dissimilar skills
* Specialization of knowledge
* Interactive Specialization, a theory of brain development

; Other uses:
* Specialized Mobile Radio, analog or digital trunked two-way radio system

wikipedia link: Specialization